金(jin)屬激光焊(han)接(jie)機焊(han)接(jie)缺(que)陷之焊(han)縫氣(qi)孔

在使用金屬激光焊接機焊(han)接(jie)金(jin)屬(shu)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)時，工(gong)件(jian)(jian)偶爾(er)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)些焊(han)接(jie)缺陷問題，例如(ru)焊(han)縫(feng)氣(qi)孔、焊(han)接(jie)裂紋、咬(yao)邊和熔深不深等(deng)。一(yi)旦工(gong)件(jian)(jian)出(chu)現(xian)缺陷，將無法達到生產標準(zhun)，會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)壞(huai)品(pin)率。焊(han)縫(feng)氣(qi)孔是金(jin)屬(shu)激(ji)光焊(han)接(jie)機比較(jiao)常(chang)見的焊(han)接(jie)缺陷之一(yi)，今天我們就詳細了解(jie)它的主(zhu)要類型、產生原因和危害(hai)。

在金屬激光(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)機(ji)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)過程中，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體不能在氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)池(chi)結晶前上浮逸(yi)出(chu)就會在焊(han)(han)縫中形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)空穴，這就是(shi)焊(han)(han)縫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。焊(han)(han)縫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)根(gen)據其形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)原理，可以分為(wei)三類(lei)。一類(lei)是(shi)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，激光(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)產生的(de)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)法順利(li)逸(yi)出(chu)熔(rong)池(chi)就會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；二類(lei)是(shi)保護性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，當激光(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)保護氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體被吸入熔(rong)池(chi)無(wu)法逸(yi)出(chu)時，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙(xi)稱為(wei)保護性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；三類(lei)是(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)坍塌(ta)(ta)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，金屬激光(guang)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)機(ji)在焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)過程中出(chu)現小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)坍塌(ta)(ta)，如果熔(rong)化材料無(wu)法及時填(tian)入小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)將會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)塌(ta)(ta)陷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。

當金(jin)屬(shu)激光焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)焊(han)(han)接(jie)時出現焊(han)(han)縫(feng)氣(qi)孔缺陷，工件焊(han)(han)接(jie)質量將大打(da)折(zhe)扣。無(wu)論是哪(na)種(zhong)類型的(de)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)氣(qi)孔，都會減(jian)少(shao)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)的(de)有(you)效工作面(mian)積，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低焊(han)(han)縫(feng)的(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能，導致焊(han)(han)縫(feng)密度(du)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低、氣(qi)密性(xing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低。為(wei)了解決此類焊(han)(han)接(jie)缺陷問題，人(ren)們需有(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)地采取有(you)效應對(dui)(dui)措施，比如在使用(yong)金(jin)屬(shu)激光焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)焊(han)(han)接(jie)工件前，先清除工件材料表面(mian)的(de)油霧(wu)和氧化膜(mo)，從而減(jian)少(shao)氫(qing)氣(qi)的(de)使用(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)氫(qing)氣(qi)孔的(de)產生。